Media Use and Consumption Inside and Outside the Home Essay

For a long time, the domestic household has been dominated by women whereas men would have dominated the life and work outside of the home. In this essay I will discuss how media use and consumption in the home can be different to those in any other context. The role that gender can play in the living-room, and how difference in programs on the television can effect the difference in audiences, all while taking time and era into consideration as a factor. During the 1920s â€Å"other companies struggled to compete in the new radio market, and the basic characteristics of broadcasting industry emerged† (Spigel 1992 P: 29) before the arrival of television in the home environment, the radio used to like the â€Å"fire place† of the home, or public,†¦show more content†¦Before it, family members entertained each other by participating in â€Å"family activities† such as board games like monopoly, scrabble and cluedo. Families would also go on day trips to places such as the beach, countryside and amusement parks. However television has become an activity that everybody can enjoy or chill out to without the hassle of using ones mental or physical abilities. The term â€Å"couch potato† has been widely popular within recent times, the term mainly describes the â€Å"American’s ambivalent attitude toward media† (Hoover, Clark and Alters. 2004. P: 145). The meaning of it suggests the concept of a waste of precious time, procrastination and the perception slowly dying in the head and their awareness falls to a minimum. All of these imply the mass consumption of the television and its effect, television has the potential to dumb down its audience, rendering them incapable of using their own creativity, it also renders them unable to move freely. Consumption of media in the home is seen as not much of a family exercise post mid 90’s, television became more a purpose of private viewing to audience, and less of a social activity. Children reaching a certain age group, receive the privilege of a television in their bedroom, thus separating the children from the parents in the living-room area which would lead to an increasing amount of privacy in the parents lives, despite the living-room area still being a communal area the effectShow MoreRelatedMedia Use and Media Consumption in the Home Environment Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesAudience reception is a critical area of focus and research when approaching media audiences. It is dependent on the context of viewing, making media use and media consumption within the home environment and other contexts an interesting area of study. During the 1980s the emergence and increasing use of television increased media research into consumption in an everyday context, addressing t he domestic, the family and its contribution to daily life. The importance can be displayed through the centralityRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Society s Life997 Words   |  4 Pagestypes of media available to this world. Photography, radio, television, cable, internet, and many more. Not only has it been expanding, but it has been modernized into our daily life. People use the media everyday for learning, exploring, reading, social media, music, the news and so much more. It becomes a tool that we use everyday. However, media may change a person s life, both good or bad. The consumption of media can alter a person s perspective of their life. 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The materials used in the construction of this improvised evaporative air cooler are plywood, insulation foam, dynamotor from discarded toy cars, electric fan blades from CD case and UTP cable wire. Electric energy consumption of the improvised air cooler was computed using the formula E=Pt wherein E is energy consumption, P is power rating and t is time. The computed energy consumption of improvisedRead MoreThe Street Parties And Music Of The Favelas Of Rio De Janeiro1593 Words   |  7 Pages† (Robinson, 2004, p. 1). Furthermore, it is difficult to gain an honest account of the cultural significance from the point of view of people who have not grown up in the favelas and build their impressions of the favelas through the lens of the media. Yet, the moral panic as a result of the negative perception of bailes funk from outsiders is a present issue in Brazil. This article examines the implications of the baile funk subculture as a space for social control, community formation, and music

Individualism In Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter And The...

The American Romantic era, lasting from early to mid-19th century, is characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism. Within this movement, in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Herman Melville’s Bartleby, The Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street, the characters set at the center of their respective narratives both challenge societal prejudices through actions different from the social norm. Hawthorne’s protagonist, Hester Prynne, is met with disgust and disdain from the Puritan community after committing only one sin; contrarily, Melville’s Bartleby is first met with awe and love from his boss on Wall Street, working as a copyist. While Hester goes above and beyond to change her public image, Bartleby burns out, leaving†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœThis woman has brought shame upon us all, and ought to die,’† (Hawthorne 49). With these harsh words, Hester begins a new chapter of her life in New England as a condemne d adulterer. The gossips speak of â€Å"marks and brands† upon her â€Å"bodice† and â€Å"forehead,† and one is bold enough to suggest that she â€Å"ought to die,† demonstrating exactly how hated Hester is at the beginning of the novel. Hawthorne’s statement that the gossip who suggests the worst punishment, death, is â€Å"the ugliest of them all† infers that all the gossips are very ugly, while Hester remains beautiful, subtly providing a certain insight that perhaps Hester is not the devil the town thinks she is. This demonstrates how Hester stands apart from others in society, to such an extreme degree that she even looks different from the other Puritans. Through the ostracization of Hester, Hawthorne shows how her lack of motivational individuality has brought this fate upon her. He wants to prove to his reader that lack of this element creates an unbalanced and isolated life, one of which nobody wants to live in. Following the time on theShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter And Bartleby, The Scrivener1251 Words   |  6 Pages In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne narrates a Romantic story of a young woman in the Puritan Era who is convicted of adultery and has to face being a social outcast. Herman Melville examines the story of Bartleby, a copyist who mysteriously refuses to work and is, therefore, put in jail. In The Scarlet Letter and Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-street, Hawthorne and Melville use the characterization of Hester Prynne and Bartleby and their independent behavior to critique the effectRead MoreRelationship Between Society And The Individual2194 Words   |  9 Pagesthe connection between oneself and the collective spanning across the centuries. ‘The Scarlet Letter’, written in a Puritan world, and ‘Bartleby, The Scrivener’, written in capitalist America, are two key examples of literature that expose, detail and discuss the relationship between society and the individual in American history. Alexis de Tocqueville (1835), a French political thinker, stated that individualism is not mere selfishness, but is â€Å"a mature and calm feeling, which disposes each member

Global Business Australian Pharmaceutical Industry

Question: Discuss about theGlobal Businessfor Australian Pharmaceutical Industry. Answer: Introduction and Company Background The Australian pharmaceutical industry is uniquely placed to develop the commercialization of the outcomes of Australia's long-term speculation in medical research. The market of Australian pharmaceutical considered as chief regarding product diversity. This industry consists of biotechnology firms, biomedical research associations, generic medicines and service -related areas including delivery and wholesaling Keegan and Green (2007). Reports showed that in 2012-2013, the export revenue reached around $ 3.9 billion. This data establishes that the pharmaceutical industry is one of the Australia's major manufactured exports. The industry employed around 16,000 people in various manufacturing activities and spent about $ 404 million on RD research mechanism. According to the opinion of Aghazadeh (2011), it is forecasted that the growth rate of the pharmaceutical industry will increase to a great extent by 2020. XYZ Pvt Ltd. is one of the biopharmaceutical companies of Australia which is a part of the entire value chain of the medicines. The firm has an extensive infrastructure and is famous for the production of innovative medicinal products for the worldwide patients. The company employs around 900 people in Australia with a portfolio of 55 clinical trials. XYZ Pvt Ltd. is the largest national manufacturer of medicines that offer $ 725 million of drugs to the domestic market (Keegan and Green, 2010). The firm has also earned more than $ 440 million in exports to around 30 international markets, including Australia and New Zealand. Justification of the Selected Destination of the Country The growth outlook for South Africa According to Atyam (2010), South Africa possesses the largest economies of Africa with all the elements. The features include mining, manufacturing, and finance and retail markets. The market of South Africa has the potential of commercialization due to the sizeable population and rapid economic development. In supporting the present context, Aregbeshola et al. (2011) observed that the pharmaceutical industry of South Africa covers the largest part of the market. The money-spinning policies and regulations of the country help in developing the market value of the region. This development results in increasing the margin of the area, which ranges to around $ 3.9 billion in 2013. In the current situation, the growth rate of the area is comparatively slow, which rebound only slightly in 2017 (www.mckinsey.com, 2015). This report signifies that the revenue growth is also stirring in an inhibited motion because of price regulation policy of the government. The region is also facing a slow economic growth, which results in reduced purchasing power of the population. According to Bhandarker (2014), the district is facing this problem since 2014 and is forecasted to continue till 2018. The anticipation of the growth of the pharmaceutical market is 6% in each year, which results in a total value of $ 5.1 billion. On a contradiction, Martnez and Lpez (2009) the growth in South Africa's pharmaceutical industry is continuing at a great speed. The growth curve shows that there is a rise in $ 20.8 billion in 2013 from just $ 4.7 billion a decade ago. Reports also express that there will be a sharp increase in the market value and reach to $ 60 billion by 2020. This report proves to be good news for the pharmaceutical companies and other multinationals. The growth of South Africa's health sector led to a significant number of new healthcare reform plans in the coming future. The region managed the various healthcare facilities and became more competent through various innovation in the field of drugs. The Growth Outlook for China The recent reports of 2016 showed that China has a higher value in the area of pharmacy when compared to Japan. The estimation of the value of the pharmaceutical market of China depicts that there is a collection of $83.3 billion in the year 2013 (Hsieh et al..2012). The revenue margin is also expected to grow by 6.3% of CAGR by 2018. China has shown a huge acceleration in the development of health care services over the past 24 months. In the framework of the above context, Hill and Ivonne (2014) said that the trend of the pharmaceutical industry is continuously growing at a fast rate due to the government assistance. The government provide all possible support to the industry to reduce the healthcare problems. The policies and regulations are flexible for the establishment of the pharmaceutical company. The report of Global data publications showed that the market value of China's drugs would raise to 650% by 2020. China has a well-developed pharmaceutical industry structure that a llows an elasticity for the companies to establish the business. Over the last few decades, the Chinese pharmacy industry is growing at a standard annual rate of 16.72%. According to Peng (2008), the investment conditions of China improve the health because of certain reasons. These goals include a significant customer demand for medicines; reduce the cost of labours and the changes in economic reforms. Although China enjoyed the profit of an expensive market for pharmaceutical production, the industry is still lacking in the innovation of product development. The Chinese market gives a good exposure to the products with high trading actions. Thus, the products can easily be exported to the potential regions for better publicity. Comparing the market scenarios of China and South Africa, a conclusion can be made that the Chinese market is far better and flexible. The South African market is still developing. The market conditions of China are very likely for XYZ Pvt Ltd. to start the business. Therefore, the firm can pierce in the Chinese market. Analysis of the Risk and Opportunity of the Potential Regions Risks in Chinese Market The weak condition of economic data is one of the major risks while penetrating in the market of China. According to the opinion of Martnez and Lpez (2009), the undercapitalized banks can be the major obstruction for the firm, XYZ Pvt Ltd., Australia to expand the market share. Adding to this, the slow IP (Industrial Production) growth is the other factor of risks for the chosen firm while penetrating in the Chinese market. The education level of the country is in the middle stage compared to the other developing countries. Risks in South African Market The coastal area of South Africa faces the natural calamities arises in the surrounded Ocean, which affects the economical structure of the country. According to the view of McManus et al. (2008), the lack of technology in South African market hampers the resources ability. Thus, the agricultural resources of the country cannot grow effectively. Due to the lack of advanced technology, the South African market loses the opportunity to develop efficiently. Additionally, XYZ Pvt Ltd., Australia can face the productive issue due to the problem of unemployment and inadequate knowledge amongst the labour (Omar et al. 2009). The high taxation level can be one of the severe risks for the chosen pharmaceuticals firm while expanding the market share. Growth Opportunities in Chinese Market The stable workforce is one of the major growth opportunities in China. The infrastructure for transportation and communication is highly advanced in China. The Shanghai-Hong Kong connecter has improved the transportation system of the country (Sankrusme, 2012). Hence, the chosen pharmaceutical firm of Australia is going to get the opportunity in a Chinese market. Adding to this, the marketer forms the Australian firm can easily garb the target bottleneck industries of energy, transportation and communication. In this current scenario, Hill and Ivonne (2014) mentioned that the pharmaceuticals market in China had been increased to $84.2 billion in the year 2013 and the revenue margin is expected to increase by 8.2% by 2020. As per the statics of 2016, China has rapidly increased the research and development on the sector of life science and the health care segment (Walls et al. 2015). Hence, the rising trend of the pharmaceuticals industry in Chinese market would be favourable for the Australian pharmaceutical firm. Moreover, it is found that the Chinese group of customers is largely influenced through the process of information sharing and communication process via social media sites (Keegan and Green, 2007). Thus, the promotional activity of the XYZ Pvt Ltd. like social media campaign and online support system would be helpful to draw the attention of the Chinese customers (Hill and Ivonne, 2014). Growth Opportunities in South African Market The renewable source of energy available in South African market can be beneficial for the Australian pharmaceuticals firm to produce the goods at lower price. In the addition, Walls et al. (2015) stated that the South Africa had become one of the largest transhipment points across the world. Therefore, XYZ Pvt Ltd. can have the advantage to expose the product amongst the different customers. Thus, the revenue of the firm can also be increased. Adding to this, the market value of the South African countries is lucrative in terms of having flexible policies. According to the view of Bhandarker (2014), the pharmaceuticals market in the South African region has increased its profitable margin by $4.2 in 2013. As per the present records, it is expected that the market growth for pharmaceuticals business domain would be augmented soon. Hence an inference can be drawn that the Australian pharmaceutical firm can have a significant market position while expanding the business unit in South A frica. Threats in Chinese Market The local distribution network, the purchasing attitudes of the customers and the regulatory framework of the country has made the China an extremely complicated market to access. In the framework of the current context, the market environment of this country is entirely separated from the other economies of the world. For an example, Aghazadeh (2011) cited that 35% of the US products fails in the Chinese market. In the addition, the power distance culture between these two countries can be the threat aspect for the Australian marketer. Threats in South African Market The political condition of the South African country is highly terrific due to the attack of a terrorist threat. Considering the words of Keegan and Green (2007), the multifaceted culture among the South African people can be the other challenging situation for the marketer of XYZ Pvt Ltd. It has been observed that South Africa is a tricky place for the overseas trade operation and the marketers experienced lots of difficulties for the international commerce. After evaluating all the expected risks and challenges, it can be inferred that XYZ Pvt Ltd. could receive a huge exposure for the product lines in the Chinese market. According to the opinion of Walls et al. (2015), the trading action in the Chinese market is considerably high rather than the South African market. Hence, the firm, XYZ Pvt Ltd. can easily export the required products to the prospective regions for the further publicity. Steps to Identify the Best Market Entry Strategy Based on the Business Type and Environment of the Host and Home Country Inference can be drawn from the above analysis that the Chinese pharmaceutical market is best for the XYZ Pvt Ltd., Australia to penetrate. Therefore, the business environmental analysis is exclusively done in the Chinese pharmaceutical market. Business Environment of the Host Country Political The statistics of 2008 reflects that the innovative Company Income Tax Law and other regulations have been provided as a tax incentive initiative to boost the RD resources (Aghazadeh, 2011). It also offered preferential income tax tariff to turn over the tax exemptions rate for the RD centres seeking to provide the research services to overseas enterprises. According to Keegan and Green (2010), the Pharma producers are made eligible for reducing the income tax pace in case the enterprises receive the approval as the Advanced new technology enterprise. It has been considered as the same line as the HNTE incentive, which is standing for the High New Technology Enterprise that is being taxed at the preferential rate of 15% in its place of the standard 45%. The specific set of measures adds up to the tax holidays of 2 consecutive years within the five special economic zones. Economic Aregbeshola et al. (2011) mentioned that China has been identified as the most popular pharmaceutical market in the global context, how the statuses are sometimes arguably due to the immaturity of the market size. The primary drivers of market growth are the increasing the health care awareness and have been fuelled by economic enlargement, huge and ageing population. The rising total and the per capita health expenditure, and the ongoing healthcare reform are increasing with a random measure (Atyam, 2010). This helps the overall pharmaceutical enterprise to increase its market maturity level. Pharmaceutical sales growth in China has outstripped that of health care expenditures overall. Sales of the Chinese pharmaceutical market grew at a CAGR of 25.9 % between the years 2007 2010 (Bhandarker, 2014). Furthermore, the margin is expected to prolong strong, yet the occurrence of the strong growth seems to appear from the year 2010 -2015, at a CAGR of 15.5 %. Figure 1: Pharmaceutical sales in China, 20072015 (Source: Walls et al. 2015, pp. 163) Legal In the circumstance of the current statement, Hsieh, H.-H., Hodnett and Van Rensburg (2012) mentioned that the pharmaceutical sector in the China is driving towards innovation. The specific industry has been the part of the seven key industries in the position of the governing authority. According to Smith (2012), the regulatory body has an indifferent objective to attain through the series of the reform that aimed to extend the healthcare coverage to the overall population. Sankrusme (2012) determined that with the purpose of attaining the goals, the government has introduced a series of reforms to reshape the healthcare sector in China. Moreover, the previous records signify that Chin has been very attractive outsourcing region due to its cheap labour cost (Singh, 2011). The foreign enterprises can still receive the benefits of the affordable labour force. The governing authority has already managed to increase the employment rate by allowing the foreign enterprises to penetrate wi thin the region and enjoy the benefit of the free labour force. Market Entry Strategy Collective Research Analytics The management of XYZ Pvt Ltd. needs to make a joint research analytics with the leading players and the providers. In the similar context, Lund (2006) mentioned that in the initial stage, the enterprise would hardly have a concrete knowledge of Chinese market. Therefore, the joint research analytics would help the enterprise to expand its networks. The collective analytics process would be a smart effort to understand the requirements of the customer in the specific genre and the useful efforts that can lead to a potential conversion. According to Turner (2012), the above idea can also provide sufficient opportunity to the enterprise to pitch the product lines that are strategized to introduce in the Chinese market. Lucrative ideas can facilitate the firm to get the joint venture offers from the leading Giants Price Control Drugs that are independently discovered by company require using a cost control initiatives within the fewer markets. The policy needs to be introduced with greater delays than the product that are originated in the countries without any price control. In the opinion of Peng (2008), the enterprises have the propensity of delaying the commence within the price-controlled markets and few of the marketers prefer to pioneer the products lines within the new markets after its incursion with the low price range. Hence, the price control efforts would be the supreme suitable planned entry strategy for XYZ Pvt Ltd. within the Chinese market. Conclusion The current study evaluates on the importance of recognising the suitable market that can provide productive revenue in the near future. Analysing the study, it could be inferred that the economic and sustainability margin of South Africa is comparatively weak. However, the growth prospect of China is relatively better. Moreover, the governing body in China is taking huge initiatives of supporting the international marketers that plan to penetrate within China. Moreover, the government is making a decent financial contribution towards the research and development activities to improve the quality standards of the pharmaceutical based drugs. Reference: Aghazadeh, S.M. (2011) The risks and benefits associated with global outsourcing, International Journal of Services, Economics and Management, 3(2), p. 232. Aregbeshola, A., Aregbeshola, A., Luiz, J. and Ojah, K. (2011) Global business: Environments and strategies. 4th edn. Cape Town: Oxford University Press Southern Africa. Atyam, S.B. (2010) Effectiveness of security control risk assessments for enterprises: Assess on the business perspective of security risks, Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, 19(6), pp. 343350. Bhandarker, A. (2014) Changing business context: Challenges and opportunities: Dialogue with thought leaders, Global Business Review, 15(3), pp. 611621. Hill, C.W.L. and IVONNE, P. (2014) International business: Competing in the global marketplace / edition 10. 10th edn. New York, NY, United States: McGraw Hill Higher Education. Hsieh, H.-H., Hodnett, K. and Van Rensburg, P. (2012) Do managers of global equity funds outperform their respective style benchmarks? Evidence from South Africa, International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER), 11(3), p. 269. Hubbard, D.W. (2009) The Failure of Risk Management: Why it's Broken and How to Fix it 1st ed. Chichester: John Wiley Sons External Tool 2. Keegan, W.J. and Green, M.C. (2007) Global marketing. 4th edn. United States: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Keegan, W.J. and Green, M.C. (2010) Global marketing [[6th (sixth) Edition]]. 6th edn. Harlow: Prentice Hal, Inc2011 6th (sixth) Edition. Lund, P. (2006) Market penetration rates of new energy technologies,Energy Policy, 34(17), pp. 33173326. Martnez, P.A. and Lpez, J.E.N. (2009) Making foreign market entry decisions, Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 28(2), pp. 5259. McKinsey (2015) Africa: A continent of opportunity for pharma and patients. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/pharmaceuticals-and-medical-products/our-insights/africa-a-continent-of-opportunity-for-pharma-and-patients (Accessed: 23 September 2016). McManus, J., White, D. and Botten, N. (2008) Managing global business strategies: A Twenty-First-Century perspective. Oxford: Chandos Publishing (Oxford). Omar, M., Williams, R.L. and Lingelbach, D. (2009) Global brand marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ entry strategy to manage corporate reputation, Journal of Product Brand Management, 18(3), pp. 177187. Peng, M.W. (2008) Global business. United States: South Western Educational Publishing. Sankrusme, S. (2012) Development strategies on taking Thailands health promotion related tourism business into the global market, International Business Research, 5(11). Singh, N. (2011) Localization strategies for global e-business. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Smith, K.T. (2012) Mitigating risks associated with Transitive trust in service-based identity propagation, Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, 21(2), pp. 7178. Turner, C. (2012) Strategic flexibility and the emergence of virtual global strategies, European Business Review, 24(3), pp. 272286. Walls, H.L., Smith, R.D. and Drahos, P. (2015) Improving regulatory capacity to manage risks associated with trade agreements, Globalization and Health, 11(1) pp. 149-163.

The American Dream Essay Example For Students

The American Dream Essay The American Dream is the ability of being able to start from the bottom and earn the things you need and want on your own. It is being able to build yourself up and have full ownership of your belongings and to know that you deserve what you have cause you worked hard enough to earn it. I qualify the statement that America still provides access to the American Dream to the tired, poor, and the huddled masses because yes America provides many programs such as Medicare and Medicaid to support the needy, but there are also many people who do not have access to this elp and live in poverty where they are unable to acquire the basic needs of life. In America today, with debt issues and war crisis across the world, it becomes difficult to focus on issues such as poverty. People began to lose their foundation, being the American Dream. Studs Terkle shows the world the inhumanity Roberto Acuna was put through in his writing, Roberto Acuna Talks About Farm Workers. He reveals the obstacles that you must pass in order to get something out of it for yourself and how hard you have to work to fully grasp the gratitude you receive out of arning your own needs and wants. On the other hand, his writing expresses the lack of governmental help. The lack of benefits these workers should receive for all that they do. He emphasizes on the cruelties these farm workers go through to chase their own dream without the help of America. The American Dream requires the society as a whole working together to achieve greatness. American as a whole must succeed in order to accomplish this goal, it does not simply work with one hero, we must all be heroes in order to fully grasp the American Dream. In Barack Obamas Keynote Address, he emphasizes the need for us all to contribute in order to reach our goals. We are one people, all of us pledging allegiance to the stars and stripes, all of us defending the United States of America, Obama does a great Job of stressing how important it is to move together as the nation we are. We must all strive together to reach the American Dream together, with the help from our government and each other. The poor shall be offered opportunities to prosper in life and programs shall be established to continue on the prosperity between our middle and upper class. America is missing one simple piece in this puzzle and that one piece is cooperation from every one of our citizens to either strive to be better or strive to make others better. And to prosper we must have that sense of greediness to always want something more, something bigger, something better. We must always want to strive for greatness even if we believe we already have it at our hands. As shown in Nickle and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich makes out the protagonist in her writing to always strive for something no matter how hard she has to be pushed or no matter hat all she has to do to get there. In both, Nickle and Dimed and Robert Acuna Talks About Farm Workers the writers make the main characters made out to be humble and poor, working out in unimaginable conditions and pushed to their limits. The characters are symbols to the motivation we must have to reach our American Dream, whether we have the support from our government or not. And that is what leads me to qualify this and have the will and the want to succeed, even with the help of our government which is what we lack the majority of the time.