Hinduism Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hinduism Paper - Essay Example The definition of Indian Supreme Court about Hinduism is elucidated as well. It also presents the services of Mahatma Gandhi in spreading Hinduism and his views regarding caste system in the religion. The theme of the paper is to give a hawk eye review about Hinduism as a religion. Maya has huge significance in Hinduism and it basically means illusion. The term moves around the conception that this world is not actually real and the environment around us is an illusion. The things we experience are not authentic but are in fact depiction of ourselves. Every human being lies somewhere like a drop of water in an ocean. The perception of eternity is the premise of Maya. The term can be more explicated that this universe and creatures living in it are fake; actual human live lie somewhere else. The people which we observe around us actually belong to someplace else (Klostermaier, 2007). Fuller (2004) demonstrated that in Hinduism it is believed that the teachings of Vedanta are ultimate truth and an ordinary human mind cannot go deep into the wordily meaning of Maya. Karma and Ahamkara are the forces which make Maya. The Brahman caste of Hindu’s can understand the meaning and true notion of Maya. To produce conclusive arguments; verses of Bhagavad Gita are presented by Hindu Scholars to strengthen the concept of Maya. The essence of this theory is principally that world is a fake place and our souls lie somewhere else (Klostermaier, 2007). The Supreme Court of India defines Hinduism that it is nothing more than a way of life. It does not believe in a single god, one prophet or single philosophical concept and it does not persuade towards religious traditions. Hinduism is the way people live their lives in a cultured and tailored manner. This idea of Hinduism was defined by Chief Justice of Indian Supreme Court, P. B. Gajendragadkar in 1995. Most of the Hindu’s believe in this definition of the court but

Electrinic and Digital Media Paper Essay Example for Free

Electrinic and Digital Media Paper Essay Historically the role of media in our society was one of delivering news and information for the sake of knowledge. According to Vivian, the news media served as the major watch dog in the gathering and sharing of information across the world. Traditions of a culture, such as China, have long been created an opportunity for free creative and artistic expression as a means of media exposure in countries where there is great government regulation. Now in a more contemporary role, media has become so integrated in people’s lives that many are swimming in a mass media ocean of communication. Media multitasking has become such of a normal routine for most people, that without media their lives would be empty (Vivian 2011). Over the years mass media has advanced in so many areas, becoming the technological assisted transmission of messages to mass audiences (Vivian 2011) of photography, sound, and transmission. Technology has been the foundation of mass communication in the media industry for years. If not for the invention of the printing press, books and newspapers may have never been published. Mass media has become almost solely dependent on the technology of today. Technological development of the Internet offers the potential, if appropriately utilized, to be an enabler of a more sustainable future (Ahmed 1999). Mass communication has evolved through the years with the emergence of various technologies such as printing, chemical, digital, and electronics. These technologies have contributed to media growth far beyond what anyone could believe early in the history of Mass communications. Particularly with the emergence of Chemical and Electronic technologies movies became popular and the radio and television mediums sky rocketed in popularity. Photography early on helped to increase the power of the printed word by bringing words to life by leading the charge in producing pictures in books, newspapers and magazines. The recording industry has evolved from the phonograph to the iPod allowing for radio to be everywhere and communication being transferred through airwaves for audiences which printed sources could not reach. Much of the technologies from above have become more of a necessity rather than a luxury by which only a few persons can benefit. With the invention of the printing press the newspaper industry has been able to mass produce a product from an initial template of an idea. Cameras and projectors have moved past capturing a moment into creating a moment vision, by understanding the eye retains a vision of a period of time, and if multiple photos could be taken, linked together, and flipped quickly, the human eye could be tricked into visualizing motion of an object. Creating a continuous motion, which later became known as â€Å"Film† and now digital photos. With the development of digital technology there has been great efficiency brought to various aspects of many people’s lifestyles. (Vivian 2011). Bell Labs lead the way in revolutionizing a new media avenue known as â€Å"The Net†. The internet in the early 1990’s was vastly evolving into the next means of mass communication. Bell Labs was in the forefront of the digital age by walking us into a media convergence. Where bits of data, we commonly refer to as messages, could be transmitted over the internet in large capacity at a certain rate of speed and reassemble as readable text upon reception at its destination. Now in 2012 because of the efforts of Bell Labs the digital age has advanced throughout time to where we once dialed a phone number from memory, we now speak a name and our phones dial for us. Smartphone devices have opened up a new world where everything is truly at your finger tips. Where Companies once relied on Trucks and warehouse for logistical need for distributing their products, they now have cut cost by utilizing the internet. Products such as books, magazines, and newspapers, printed media, have bought in to the immediate delivery of their brands in a matter of minutes versus days or weeks even. In the last 20 years all of the new trends and developments within the electronic and digital media industry the role of mass media has changed but yet still remains the same in its function. Persons, who once in casual conversation referred to their business as the newspaper business, now have restricted their verbiage and now work in the news business. References CREATIONISM Study teaching; MASS media; GREAT Britain; ROYAL Society (Great Britain); RELIGION science; REISS, Michael Ahmed, Pervaiz K.; Hardaker, Glenn. Business Strategy the Environment (John Wiley Sons, Inc). Jan1999, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p75-81. 7p Vivian, J. (2011). The media of mass communication (10th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon.

Chaucers The Franklins Tale from the Canterbury Tales Essay -- Chauc

Chaucer's The Franklin's Tale from the Canterbury Tales The Franklin’s Tale, one of the many stories comprising the Canterbury Tales, is one of Chaucer’s most celebrated and most contradictory works. This tale set in medieval Brittany narrates the uncanny marriage of the knight Arveragus and his lady Dorigen. This unlikely union was based on mutual trust, love and truthfulness and knew neither the rule of the lady that was typical of courtly love, nor the domination by the husband that was expected of a traditional marriage. In the controversial scene that will be discussed here, Arveragus orders Dorigen to give herself to a man to whom she had made the reckless promise of giving her love if he could accomplish an impossible deed. Critics have argued back and forth for centuries on the topic of knowing whether this scene (and the tale’s outcome) showed the validity of the marriage agreement or, on the contrary, its total utopia. Indeed, how should Arveragus’ reaction be interpreted? Does he stay true to his mar riage vow by sending his wife to a forced adultery? And what does it say about the couples’ values and the validity of their engagement? In my opinion, Arveragus violated the marriage agreement because he valued trouthe to others and knightly honor before trouthe to his wife and to his own promise. His actions were motivated not by the mutual promise the loving couple had made to each other but by the desire to save the couple’s honor in the face of society and to abide by the principle of trouthe, not truthfulness. In order to answer the question of whether Arveragus violates his marriage vows by ordering his wife to Aurelius, one must first carefully analyze said vows and determine exactly what kind of marr... ...2. Chaucer, Geoffrey. â€Å"The Franklin’s Tale†. The Canterbury Tales. Pages 337-358. Flake, Timothy H. â€Å"Love, Trouthe, and the Happy Ending of the Franklin’s Tale†. English Studies. 1996, 3. Pages 209-226. Kaske R.E. â€Å"Chaucer’s Marriage Group†. Chaucer the Love Poet. Edited by Jerome Mitchell and William Provost. University of Georgia Press, 1973. Lawler, Traugott. â€Å"Delicacy vs. Truth†. New Readings of Chaucer’s Poetry. Edited by Robert G. Benson and Susan J. Ridyard. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2003. Schwartz, Debora B. â€Å"Backgrounds to Romance: Courtly Love†. Medieval Literature class. California Polytechnic State University, March 2001. http://cla.calpoly.edu/~dschwart/engl513/courtly/courtly.htm Severs, J. Burke. â€Å"The Tales of Romance†. Companion to Chaucer Studies. Edited by Beryl Rowland. Toronto: New York University Press, 1968. Pages 229-246.

Product Life Cycle

Compaq notebooks 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Compaq Computer, based in Houston, Texas, is the world’s largest personal computer manufacturer and the fourth largest information technology (IT) company. From 1992-1997, the company’s aggressive high volume PC strategy propelled it to high growth rates in revenues, while its leadership in PC servers sustained strong margins and drove profit growth. Starting in 1995, former CEO Eckhard Pfieffer began to transform Compaq from a pure PC company to a full-service IT company, with the goal of becoming a $50 billion company that could compete with the likes of IBM and Hewlett-Packard.The key strategic moves were the acquisitions of Tandem Computer and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1997 and 1998, giving Compaq a diverse line of technologies and service capabilities. Compaq began revamping its information systems in 1994, building global enterprise information systems to support its globally optimized manufacturing and order fulfillment o perations. The systems were built primarily around SAP applications, running on Compaq PC servers and the Windows NT operating system in order to demonstrate that large enterprise systems could run on Compaq hardware.Compaq’s IT people were forced to distribute the SAP applications across ten interconnected sites around the world and customize extensively in order to run on Windows NT and meet Compaq’s needs. Compaq stumbled badly in 1998 as it faced new challenges in the PC market and tried to assimilate Tandem and Digital. In particular, Compaq struggled to catch up with Dell Computer, whose direct sales; build-to-order model gave it a big advantage in cost and speed over Compaq’s indirect sales, build-to-forecast approach.When the company disappointed investors with poor results in 1999, the board removed Pfieffer, who had been credited for Compaq’s previously stellar performance. Since Pfieffer’s departure, Compaq has reorganized itself along b usiness lines, streamlined its distribution channels and developed a new electronic commerce strategy called â€Å"NonStop eBusiness. † Compaq has gone through a series of IT reorganizations aimed at giving business units more control over IT decisions and resources. Compaq’s new CEO, Michael Capellas, came to the company in 1998 as CIO and was the force behind this reshaping of the IT organization.It is likely that newly hired CIO Robert V. Napier will continue the process in order to align IT with the new corporate structure, while also working to implement Compaq’s e-business strategies. Since 2007 till now Compaq Company has many products as follow: in 2007 they provide laptop Compaq Presarios to their customer, in 2008 they improve and developed Aero 4/33c Notebooks, and in 2009 they provide new model E500S Notebooks, 2011 EZ2700 Desktops and LT 486/33 Desktops at the same year. 2. 0 Compaq Cash flow The issues of cash flow for each stage of the product lif e cycle they are complete each other.Cash flow for a product as it moves on the life cycle curve will change. It’s very important to know and plan each stage for our product to be success. 2. 1cash flow in the five stages Introduction stage, The introduction of a new product onto the market is typically characterised by very slow sales, which may grow only very slightly over a long period of time. Whilst profits will gradually improve during this stage, it may take until near the completion of the introductory stage in the PLC before the company witness’s positive profitability.The reason for such low profitability during this stage is not so much the limited success of the product – measured in terms of low, albeit growing, sales – but the high costs of production and promotion that are required to try to develop customer awareness. R&D expenses are really high for Compaq in especially in terms of smart laptop, because now Compaq is moving in a new path of technology and there is no resource for them to use in order to reduce the R&D costs.Particularly in case of their new product Compaq Notebooks and Compaq Desktops that is already in introduction stage we can see some spectacular features for the first time about the Desktops. For example one of the new technologies that are used in Compaq Desktops is that it has a high quality and high processor. So we can see clearly that all of these new technologies have a heavy cost for producers. That is the reason that Compaq invests at least 13% of its sales revenue into R&D activities every year. For example Compaq spent $45 million on R&D this year compared to its competitor Dell 25 million. Growing stageThe growth stage in the PLC typically involves a rapid growth in sales as early adopters replace pioneers as the main consumer group. Whilst pioneers are characterized as those consumers who purchase products almost immediately when new products are launched, early adopters wait until t he price starts to fall and some of the product's potential weaknesses are ironed out. Compaq sales steadily increased as the product was promoted and became well known. It maintained growth in sales until 2010 through expanding the original product with new developments of quality, style, speed and price the total of cash flow.Compaq Desktops unit sales in 2009 14. 9 million PCs units and 10 million laptop units. Actually the growth stage for each company is a start point to collect its cash flow by the time, but for Compaq it starts form the first date of the product presentation directly. There are many devices in the market with Compaq product and services, why people prefer Compaq desktop? Quality, brand, price and speed. Maturity stage The maturity stage in the PLC is a key point for a firm because it marks the turning point in the product's success.Typically, the growth in sales decreases quite significantly and manufacturer's over-capacity (that is, larger than required inve ntories) results in a reaction by the firm and its competitors to slash price. In this stage Compaq desktop has a partner and that is Compaq Notebooks and Compaq Presario. This is the best extension strategy for this stage and it is totally clear that Compaq had planned for these year; Compaq development groups knew that they have to present such a powerful product with the capability of presence in two stages at the same time.The total sales units in this year have grown fast for Compaq in 2011 4. 721 thousand units. Declination stage Clearly, at this point, Compaq had to make a key business decision. Sales were falling; the product was in decline and losing its position. Should Compaq let the product ‘die', i. e. withdraw it from the market and give space for their new product. 2. 2 The Degree of Competition Faced by the Product by Applying Porter’s Five Forces of Competitiveness. The degree of competition between the competitors is very high. Successful products attr act other competitor businesses to start selling similar products or service.This indicates the third stage of the life cycle – maturity. This is the time of maximum profitability, when profits can be used to continue to build the brand. However, competitor brands from both Compaq itself (e. g. dell) and other company (e. g. acre) offered the same benefits and this slowed down sales and chipped away at computers market position. Compaq continued to support the development of the brand but some products (such as quality, price and style), struggled in a crowded market. 3. 0 Improving the Company’s Financial PerformanceRecommendations to improve performance will be focused on the product attributes and benefits with the aims to enhance driving experience and build brand personality. 3. 1 Promotion: Sales promotions have a significant effect on the behavior of consumers and trades people. Such promotions can bring in more profits for the manufacturers because they permit price discrimination. 1. Price discrimination: Producers can introduce price discrimination through the use of sales promotions. They can charge different prices to different consumers and trade segments depending on how sensitive each segment is to particular prices.Coupons, special sales events, clearance sales and discounts are examples to explain the phenomenon. 2. Effect on consumer behaviour: as sales promotions are mostly announced for a short period, customers may feel a sense of urgency and stop comparing the alternatives. They are persuaded to act now rather than later. 3. Effect on trade behaviour: Short-term promotions present an opportunity and encourage dealers to forward buy. This forward buying ensures that retailers won’t to go out of stocks. As dealers have more than the normal stocks, they think it advisable to advertise in ocal media, arranged displays and offer attractive promotion deals to consumers. These actions help in increasing the store traffic. 4- Exterior Design Exterior design is the key product attribute that plays an important role in enhancing the overall product brand image. We will look at compaq exterior design in terms of: †¢Shape Many feel that the overall design of compaq is not unique enough. compaq must invest in building its creativity and innovative on it to have own characteristic outlook/shape of product brand image. †¢Color Product color the range offered by compaq generally not attractive or unique.As one of its core values is customer focus, compaq has to focus to be really customer oriented, knowing what the customers want and offer the range of colors that appeal to different market segment effectively. 5- Interior Design Interior design of the laptop refers to its overall instrument panels such as the keyboard, the dash board, the other accessories and special feature in the laptop which is perceived as not stylish. The materials used are also felt as average low quality. Throughout the years , there is not much improvement in this area which can WOW the consumers.In fact, all these features will help to create using experience. Interior design with aesthetic features and good sound protection will make the customer feels joy and excited thus creating a strong positive feeling with the laptop using experience. 3. 2 Length of the Product Life Cycle Be Prolonged Compaq Company has many problems and some customers needs when they solve these problems the length of product life cycle will be longer, from improving their product, quality and price and other needs such as style color etc†¦. Increasing Sales: a promotion can stimulate product sales.Manufacturers commonly reduce the price of a product to induce customers to make a purchase. In the short term this can increase the number of units sold, which can lead to increased market share in the long run if the customer permanently switches from a competitor's brand. 4-Brand Loyalty: sales promotions can also be used to increase brand awareness and loyalty. Clubs or special memberships provide consumers discounts or promotions for continued use. 5-Impulse Sales: Sales promotions can generate impulse sales. A customer may not be aware of a product until she enters a store and sees a sign advertising a sale price.Impulse sales also result from in-store demonstrations. 6- Exterior Design: Exterior design is the key product attribute that plays an important role in enhancing the overall product brand image. We will look at Compaq exterior design in terms of: †¢Shape Many feel that the overall design of Compaq is not unique enough. Compaq must invest in building its creativity and innovative on it to have own characteristic outlook/shape of product brand image. †¢Color Product color the range offered by Compaq generally not attractive or unique.As one of its core values is customer focus, Compaq has to focus to be really customer oriented, knowing what the customers want and offer the range of colors that appeal to different market segment effectively. 4. CONCLUSION Compaq business model has been analyzed in conjunction with the marketing mix that is employed to identify its target Market. They build their brand name with their tagline, Compaq philosophy of low fares is aimed to make computers affordable for everyone. Compaq also aims at making using easy, convenient and fun for its customers.Their services and their pricing work together to identify their target market, however, their promotional activities and their distributional channel is aggressive developed, planned, and executed to target both foreigners and locals alike. Moreover, more advertising model should be developed and Compaq need to identify more suitable areas for distribution as more and more loss potential target could be captured which will at end generate huge revenue for Compaq. Reference Bliss, J. (1998). â€Å"Expense May Thin Ranks Of AAP Plan,† Computer Reseller News, April 13..Business Wire, â€Å"CompuCom ‘Co-Locates’ with Compaq to Increase Manufacturing Efficiency and Reduce Product Delivery Time and Cost,† 7/7/98. Business Wire, â€Å"Compaq Leverages Microsoft Partnership In Aggressive Internal Windows 95 Transition; Global Rollout Will Enhance Customer Support,† 8/15/95. Commercial Times (Taiwan), â€Å"Compaq to Bring Taiwan Partners into Web-based Business System,†. Compaq Annual Report, 1998. Compaq Annual Report, 1999. Compaq Annual Report, 2000. Compaq Annual Report, 2001. Compaq Annual Report, 2002. Compaq Annual Report, 2003. Compaq Annual Report, 2008. CNET News. om, â€Å"Compaq inks deal with PCOrder. com,†, June 29, 1999. Crothers, Brooke, â€Å"Compaq sees shortfall, plans reorg,† CNET News. com, June 17, 1999. Dedrick, Jason and Kenneth L. Kraemer, 1998. Asia’s Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World? New York: Oxford University Press. Hamblen, Matt and Kathleen Ohlson â€Å"Compaq : Reality Sinks In,† ComputerWorld, 6/21/99, Page 30 Hoover’s Online, Compaq profile. Industry Week, â€Å"What's Really Driving Apple's Recovery,† 3/15/99. Jackson, D. ()1998). â€Å"ERP Glitches Disrupt Compaq Order System,† The Australian 10 Nov, p36. Product life cycle The Product Life Cycle is indeed important in marketing since it tells the manufacturers when is the right time to launch a product and how should they launch it.   The cycle is concerned with the changes in the product, price, distribution, and the promotion.   The Product Life Cycle has four phases, the introduction stage, growth, stage, maturity stage, and the decline stage. The introduction stage deals with the launching of the product.   It concerns the product, price, distribution and promotion of the product.   One good example for this is the Nokia N80i.   This phone has a lot of other features that other phones do not have or it has combined features of different phones and it has turned into N80i.   It is a good example because it has just entered the market, and with the latest features, it can only be afforded by those who have extra $500 in their pockets.   It is during this stage that one promotes his product, giving out leaflets or pamphlets, having conferences, and the like.   And I believe that Nokia has done well in this part. Second, comes the growth stage.   This is the time when the company focuses on the growth of the revenue and their product being the preference product of the consumers. During this stage, the company heightens the distribution of the product.   The growth stage is when you improve and make innovations on your product.   One successful example would be the portable DVD players. Portable DVD players have been launched for quite some time now.   Furthermore, everybody is aware that there is this certain product available in the market.   As of now, there is a variety of portable DVD players.   They come in different colors and can play different kinds of file according to the buyers liking.   It is definitely a good example for this stage. The third stage or rather the maturity stage is when the product is at its peak in the market.   This is considered to be the most profitable stage.   This is when price are decreased to have more buyers.   Sales promotion is a must during this stage to maintain market share.   This is also the stage wherein the company aims their product to different from the other substitute products in the market. For instance, personal computers have long been in the market. A lot of computer brands have also arose in the market, like, BenQ, Dell, Apple, and Linux.   They have their own individuality and have their own identity.   Furthermore, the prices of their personal computers have already decreased in comparison with its prices when it was first launched in the market. The last stage would be the decline stage.   This stage is the time to decrease in production and price.   This is when the product is almost obsolete, or there has been a change in the preferences of the consumers.   Here are some ways to deal with the decline stage.   The company may close shop or to fully stop production and sales, continue production at a lower rate while hoping competitors will close or leave the market.   It can also be observed that in this stage, the distribution of the product becomes limited. This is what happened in the traditional cameras which only operate with film.   Only few companies sell this kind of cameras, unlike then, when almost all of the camera manufacturers compete to have the best kind of camera with film.   But then, it has already been replaced by digital cameras that are a lot cheaper in the long run (since there are no costs for photo developing and film), and they also provide an instant preview of the picture and are equipped with different settings for different uses. As of now, cameras that operate with film are cheaper than digital cameras.   Yes, traditional cameras are almost obsolete. It is only available for some photo and camera stores in the country.   And there are almost no promotional offers for this product. As said earlier, products have cycles, that's why they have innovations to remain attractive and profitable in the market. REFERENCES Bool, Hans. (2007).   A Normal Product Cycle-Some Examples. Ezine Articles. http://ezinearticles.com/?A-Normal-Product-Life-Cycle—Some-Examples&id=480455 Komninos, Ioannis. (2002).   Product Life Cycle Management.   Urban and Regional Innovation Research Unit. http://www.urenio.org/tools/en/Product_Life_Cycle_Management.pdf Products-Product Life Cycle. Tutor2u. http://www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/products_lifecycle.asp The Product Life Cycle.   NetMBA. http://www.netmba.com/marketing/product/lifecycle/ The Product Life Cycle (PLC).   Marketing Teacher.   http://marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_plc.htm ; ;

Square Root Using Sequential Cordic

Square root using Sequential Cordic Assignment-2 Submitted to: Dr. Sumam David Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering NITK Surathkal Submitted by: Rakshith Sharma 10EC87 Vikas Majjagi 10EC107 Mullapudi Srinivas 10EC99 Algorithm: This is implemented for a range of input values < 0. 75 since Xin should be less than 1 for the bit notation we used. Here we use the vectoring Mode of CORIC and its Hyperbolic subcase to calculate Xout=sqrt(xin2 -yin2 ) And yout= 0 Bit notation: [MSB(sign bit)] . (bit 1 to 15 for +ve fraction)] If we use xin=M+ ? and yin=M -1/4 we can compute xout=sqrt(M). The other equations of the cordic remain the same ie, X(i+1)=x(i)+d(i)*y(i)*2-i Y(i+1)=y(i)+d(i)*x(i)*2-i Z(i+1)= z(i) – d(i)*a(i) where a(i)=tan-1 (2-i) In this case we use 16bit fixed point notation with one sign bit and 15 bits in Q15 notation. A total of 12 iterations are used to reach the result where y(i) is sufficiently close to 0 and x(i) is approximately equal to sqrt(M).In case o f hyperbolic, it is necessary to repeat shift iteration number for 4 th and 7th iterations in order to make the series to converge. The final obtained x(i) is to be multiplied by 1. 207534056 to get the result. The flow chart for the algorithm implement in the VHDL code is as shown in the following page. d(i)=1 if x(i)*y(i)0 Y(i) has gone to 0(apprx) input M=0. 63998413 output X(i)=0. 80035533 Y=0? &sh ift>12 Yes No Yes X(i)=sqrt(M) Yes Check iteration number Shift=4 or 7? Shiftrep= 0? No No Shiftrep+1 Shift+1 d(i)=-1 No x(i)*y(i)

Hibernation Patterns of Various Frogs †Literature Review on Homeostatis

Hibernation Patterns of Various Frogs – Literature Review on Homeostatis Free Online Research Papers Hibernation Patterns of Various Frogs Literature Review on Homeostatis This article is centrally concerned with the hibernation patterns of the various types of frogs in the world. Frogs live in all parts of the world. They live in dry, wet, hot and cold climates- from the Arctic Circle to the tropical rainforests and all the climates in between. They have extremely incredible survival techniques allowing them to live in these extreme climates. Two main strategies are hibernation and estivation. Hibernation is the central response to cold temperatures. The animal’s metabolism slows down extremely, so the body does not use energy moving around. It then goes to â€Å"sleep† so it can utilize the stores of energy already in the body. It first must find a place to hibernate- called a hibernaculum- which will protect it from predators and extreme winter weather. After the winter is over, the frog â€Å"wakes up,† leaves the hibernaculum, and gets back to its normal activities of breeding and feeding. The hibernaculum depends of course on the type of frog. Many frogs are terrestrial, and either dig into the ground or find deep crevices in rocks or logs. These cracks sometimes freeze, however, along with the frog. However, these frogs do not die- ice crystals may form in the body of the frog, but a high concentration of glucose in the frogs organs act as antifreeze and prevent the untimely demise of the frog. When the hibernaculum is graced by spring, the organs warm up and the frog wakes again. Frogs also hibernate underwater- however, they cannot do it deep in the mud like many turtles- they need more oxygen than is provided by the mud. They are usually partially buried or floating on top of the water, and may even swim around slowly during the period of hibernation. The second general method of survival for a frog is estivation. In tropical regions, often a dry season will ensue. When this happens, a frog in these climates will burrow into the ground and become dormant, just like in hibernation. Estivation, however, is to prevent loss of water during this dry season. This is accomplished by shedding multiple layers of skin after dormancy, providing a near watertight skin, leaving a hole only to breathe. The water is then kept within the frog’s body. When the dry season ends, the frog emerges and resumes normal activity. Hibernation and estivation are direct examples of homeostasis. They both represent forms of torpor, which is a decrease in metabolism to deal with external change. Homeostasis consists of an organism controlling its internal environment to cope with change in the external environment. In the case of hibernation, the cold weather initiates a change in the body of the frog. Its metabolism slows to a rate where it only needs the energy from matter only on the body, and in extreme cases, when the frog freezes, the heart and lungs even stop operating, only to resume again when the temperature gets warmer. Estivation is another form of torpor, a homeostatic mechanism. It decreases the metabolism, but not to survive cold temperatures. When a frog gets hot in a dry climate, it can lose too much water and die. Thus frogs that live in a climate that varies dramatically in precipitation use this mechanism to preserve their water until the humidity returns to a favorable state. Emmer, Rick. â€Å"How Do Frogs Survive Winter?† Scientific American. Nov. 24 1997. Associated Press. Research Papers on Hibernation Patterns of Various Frogs - Literature Review on HomeostatisThe Spring and AutumnGenetic EngineeringThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Hockey GameMind TravelThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Free Essays on Affinity With Nature

Affinity with Nature Wolfgang Laid is a very well known artist in Europe that has an â€Å" affinity with nature†. In one of the paragraphs that talk about Laid, the authors mention that the artist has a background in medical school. He passed his exams, but he did not choose to go on his way of becoming a doctor. On the contrary he called himself an artist the moment he passed his medical exams. The authors also mention that Laid believes that there is more to everything that surrounds us than just the simple existence of things, but also the meanings that make us see the changes around us. Laid thinks that the experience he has with nature is the most important. His main theme in his artworks is pollen and also as the authors mention it is also the main material that he uses to create his art. To express the changes of time he chooses many types of pollen and he gathers it himself from many different type of plants. For many times it takes as long as a whole season in order to be able to gather as much pollen as he thinks he needs. One interesting art piece that he created is not made out of pollen, but it still took him a long time to make and made him experience with patience. The artwork is made out of marble and milk, also called Milkstone. During a period of time he managed lay the milk on top of the marble in suck a way that the â€Å"marble and milk became one† as he says. He tends to express his interest in this particular combination of forms because it takes a period of time to come up with a change in form. His artwork is very simple and full of unity. I believe his main concern is the relationship between the human body and nature. He expresses a lot of patience when he is picking up the pollen, or pouring the milk on to the marble stone. Usually nature has its moments of calm, also moments of irritating anger. As the human body tends to express anger, happiness or calm, the author sees a... Free Essays on Affinity With Nature Free Essays on Affinity With Nature Affinity with Nature Wolfgang Laid is a very well known artist in Europe that has an â€Å" affinity with nature†. In one of the paragraphs that talk about Laid, the authors mention that the artist has a background in medical school. He passed his exams, but he did not choose to go on his way of becoming a doctor. On the contrary he called himself an artist the moment he passed his medical exams. The authors also mention that Laid believes that there is more to everything that surrounds us than just the simple existence of things, but also the meanings that make us see the changes around us. Laid thinks that the experience he has with nature is the most important. His main theme in his artworks is pollen and also as the authors mention it is also the main material that he uses to create his art. To express the changes of time he chooses many types of pollen and he gathers it himself from many different type of plants. For many times it takes as long as a whole season in order to be able to gather as much pollen as he thinks he needs. One interesting art piece that he created is not made out of pollen, but it still took him a long time to make and made him experience with patience. The artwork is made out of marble and milk, also called Milkstone. During a period of time he managed lay the milk on top of the marble in suck a way that the â€Å"marble and milk became one† as he says. He tends to express his interest in this particular combination of forms because it takes a period of time to come up with a change in form. His artwork is very simple and full of unity. I believe his main concern is the relationship between the human body and nature. He expresses a lot of patience when he is picking up the pollen, or pouring the milk on to the marble stone. Usually nature has its moments of calm, also moments of irritating anger. As the human body tends to express anger, happiness or calm, the author sees a...

Building a Complete School Retention Form

Building a Complete School Retention Form Student retention is always highly debated. There are clear-cut pros and cons that teachers and parents must take into consideration when making such an important decision. Teachers and parents should work together to come up with a consensus as to whether or not retention is the right decision for a particular student. Retention will not work for every student.   You must have strong parental support and an individualized academic plan that promotes an alternative to how that student is taught as compared to previous years. Each retention decision should be made on an individual basis. No two students are alike, thus retention must be examined taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of each individual student.   Teachers and parents must examine a wide array of factors before deciding whether or not retention is the right decision.   Once a retention decision has been made, it is important to explore how the students individual needs are going to be met at a deeper level than before. If the decision is made to retain, it is important that you adhere to all guidelines laid out in the districts retention policy. If you have a retention policy, it is equally important that you have a retention form that gives a brief description of the reasons the teacher believes the student should be retained. The form should also provide a place for to sign and then either agree or disagree with the teachers placement decision. The retention form should summarize placement concerns. However, teachers are strongly encouraged to add additional documentation to support their decision including work samples, test scores, teacher notes, etc. Sample Retention Form The primary goal of Any Where Public Schools is to educate and prepare our students for a brighter tomorrow. We know that each child develops physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially at an individual rate. Additionally, not all children will complete twelve grades levels of work according to the same pace and at the same time. Grade level placement will be based on the child’s maturity (emotional, social, mental and physical), chronological age, school attendance, effort, and marks achieved. Standardized testing results can be used as one means of the judging process. The grade marks earned, direct observations made by the teacher, and academic progress made by the student throughout the year shall reflect the probable assignment for the coming year. Students Name _____________________________ Date of Birth _____/_____/_____ Age _____ _____________________ (Student Name) is recommended to be placed in __________ (Grade) for the _________________ school year. Conference Date ___________________________________ Reason(s) for Recommendation of Placement by Teacher: _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Outline of Strategic Plan for Addressing Deficiencies During Retention Year: _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____ See attachment for additional information _____ I accept the placement of my child. _____ I do not accept the school’s placement of my child. I understand that I may appeal this decision by complying with the school district’s appeal process. Parent Signature____________________________ Date ______________ Teacher Signature __________________________ Date ______________

Energy Consumption & Modernization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Energy Consumption & Modernization - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  peak load is the highest amount of power or electric value recorded at a particular period. Peak load values will be obtained when there is more demand on the electricity due to use of appliances. In this case peak load values in the student halls will be recorded during the early morning when the students will be preparing to go to class or any other activities they are involved in. The use of the instant heating showers, blow dryers, iron box coupled with the demand to ensure that the room is warm enough due to the morning cold, the amount of electricity in use instantaneously shoots up. Peak load can also be noticed in the evenings just when the students are coming back from their classes and other activities they have been engaging in during the day.  This research declares that  base load is the lowest average in energy consumption at a particular period when the consumption is steady.  Base load values will be obtained when there is les s demand on the electricity. In the students halls Base load values will be recorded during the day while most of the students will be away, because this brings down the overall consumption of energy although the values during the day might not be very reliab lebecause of the students left in the halls since the will still be consuming the electricity this may take out the steady aspect in the calculation of base load values.

Discussion Questions_Service Operations management Assignment

Discussion Questions_Service Operations management - Assignment Example As a regular client, I did not expect to be served after one hour and forced to eat a cold food in a company of strangers with whom I was told to share a table. This was a disservice that not only affected me, but also affected the waiter and the hotel as a whole. After recording a complaint to the manager, the waiter was warned. It was a bad experience that really damaged the repudiation of the hotel. I realized that this happened because of lack of proper coordination in the hotel. The poor management of the hotel was to blame for it. So, to eradicate such problems, I would like to suggest that Hilton Hotel should have a strong team of motivated supervisors to monitor the activities of the staff (Allen, 2001). All the cooks, chefs, waiters and serves should not be fatigued, but be properly remunerated so as to motivate them to deliver their best services to the hotel’s

Think about the five key media studies concepts and choose one of Essay

Think about the five key media studies concepts and choose one of them. Outline the main characteristics of, and theories and de - Essay Example Media presentations seek to alter or reinforce the opinion of the audience on specific topics (Abercrombie, 2006). The creator of a presentation first establishes the audiences she wishes to communicate to and then determines the best way to present the message. Upon establishing his target audience, the creator considers the best type of media presentation to relay his sentiments. The audience provides guidelines for establishing the genre of presentation and approaches to be used when narrating the intended message. Mass media does not rely only on initial presentation when conveying a particular message. It relies on representation as well. Primary bearers of the message relay the message to other people who did not witness the initial presentation. It is paramount to affirm that the audience is a factor that motivates mass media presentation. Audience Media would not exist in the absence of an audience (Cruz & Lewi, 2004). Media groups are formulated with a basic goal of making p rofit. Therefore, various media entities employ various measures to attract audience and make their audience base bigger. The creator or producer of a mass media message uses existing media channels to convey their message to the intended listener or observer. They are likely to pick a media team that has a big audience base. According to Hart (2006), technology improves ease of reaching audiences. In addition, technology has led to an increase in media houses that result in fragmentation of audience. Early media houses enjoyed the privilege of large audiences. The current technology age, competition and advancement of mass media industry has reduced the large audiences to smaller groups because of time factor. The audience can only engage in one specific activity at a time. However, representation relays information and generates fame for a particular media house resulting in enlargement of the house’s audience network. The audience is divisible into several entities includi ng adults, children, communities and vulnerable groups. Individual persons make up an audience but exist as several independent entries (O'Sullivan, Dutton, & Rayner, 2004). This implies that each individual in the audience perceives the message, internalizes and interprets it differently. Representation of the initial message may not achieve the intended purpose or undergo distortions that misrepresent the initial message. Similarly, a text that does not impress primary listeners may fade from their thoughts making representation minimal. The creator must ensure he generates interest and excitement among his primary listeners. There are two types of mass media audience, niche and general (Nightingale, 2008). The general audience includes all or several categories of community classes that relay messages on large scale. A niche audience is a small group that is capable of influencing major changes in the community. The audience is further divided along social status and economic lin es (Nightingale, 2008). Two theories try to define media with regard to audience. They are hypodermic syringe theory and culmination theory. Hypodermic syringe theory dictates that mass media acts as a syringe that injects attitudes, beliefs and ideas into unsuspecting public (Hanes, 2000). The public that serves as the audience is deemed powerless and vulnerable to messages and images broadcasted by media. The impact may be positive or negative. For instance, watching many violent movies may turn a person into a

Computer Systems Security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Systems Security - Term Paper Example This document proposes how paperwork in Kingswood, Inc. can be replaced by an automated system. The document aims to examine the security mechanisms incorporated to ensure managers, coordinators and volunteers benefit from an automated system. This document includes methods of collecting data, costs and schedule for completion of the evaluation and qualification. Problem Statement Storage of information is handled at both the finance and administration departments. This is done in spring files and counter books (Kush, 2003). These are the departments that the proposed system aims to help and address its issues. The proposal aims in helping the Hospice manage its data better as it fulfills its core mandate. Patients’ accommodation Information is the main operation handled by Kingswood, Inc. The proposed automated system aims to ensure that the management workflow goes well as it seeks to ensure fewer repetitions and reduced time in processing of information (Baugh, Sue, & Rober t, 1995). Objectives The proposed system exhibits the following objectives: 1. Ensuring that its patient data is handled with confidentiality and absolute consistency. 2. Improve the general coordination within the entire hospice team and offices through storage of information in a common database. 3. ... 6. The automated system aims in dealing with the security needs of the entire Kingswood, Inc. management. This would be achieved through equipping the computers with encrypted passwords, and having backup data in case of a fire. 7. Being able to search, sort and delete information quickly and in an organized way. Technology used Distributed System Technologies Distributed objects would be used in the context of communications between systems within the facility as well as exchanging data within the external branches. Use of XML tools would allow companies to try and give orders through customized web interfaces. Service Oriented Architectures would be used with the purpose of going paperless. Therefore, Kingswood, Inc. communication with other systems running on any possible stage would be enhanced. The LAN Network Topology The four facilities and central office establish the need for five LAN setup. Each of the facility will be have an internet Service provider to provide them with an internet connection, having each a centralized hub or router at each location for easier management of all systems. In order to support portability in notebook laptops, the hub will support IEEE 802.11g wireless standards. The D- Link Wireless Router fits this need with several ports, up to five, being $70. Using Wi-Fi router as a central access point for each area reduces the number of failure points to the internet connection. Social Media Social media employ web and mobile based forms of technology to support interactive dialogue. It takes many different forms including magazines, internet, social blogs, social networks, wikis, podcasts and many others. Mobile Social Media This media can be used on mobile devices. In comparison to the past traditional media,

The transportation Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The transportation Industry - Assignment Example The 2011 RynAir financial statements are illustrated in Appendices A-D. The report will also include a discusssion of the accounting cycle. The accounitng cycle is a systematic system used by accountants to keep track of economic activities in order to prepare the financial staments of the company. The flow chart below shows the steps of the accounting cycle. RynAir Corporation must pay close attention to its accounting cycle. It all starts with the receipts and source document that are used to analyze the journal transactions. The firm could implement a new system that digitalizes all receipts. This system would improve the accountability of the system since it would create a backup of all receipts. Accountants instead of sorting through a bunch of small paper receipts they can get a digital image of each receipt in front of their computer monitor. The accountants would be able to work faster because inefficiencies in the journal recording process would be reduced. The income statement is a statement that reflects the profitability of a company during an accounting period. In 2011 RynAir had total revenues of â‚ ¬3629.5 million. In comparison with fiscal year 2010 the company increased its revenues by 21.46%. The net margin of RynAir in 2011 was 10.32%. The firm achieved earnings per share of â‚ ¬25.21. The operating expenses of the company were â‚ ¬3141 million, which was higher than the 2010 total of â‚ ¬2586 million. A cost factor that increased a lot in 2010 was the fuel and cost expenses. Traditional fuel and oil expenses are the biggest cost factor in the airline industry. In 2011 the company spends â‚ ¬1,227 million in fuel and cost which is an increase of 37.26%. Since the company increased its revenues at a higher rate than its expenses the overall profitability of the company was better. The balance sheet of the company is often referred to as the statement of

Computer Systems Security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Systems Security - Term Paper Example This document proposes how paperwork in Kingswood, Inc. can be replaced by an automated system. The document aims to examine the security mechanisms incorporated to ensure managers, coordinators and volunteers benefit from an automated system. This document includes methods of collecting data, costs and schedule for completion of the evaluation and qualification. Problem Statement Storage of information is handled at both the finance and administration departments. This is done in spring files and counter books (Kush, 2003). These are the departments that the proposed system aims to help and address its issues. The proposal aims in helping the Hospice manage its data better as it fulfills its core mandate. Patients’ accommodation Information is the main operation handled by Kingswood, Inc. The proposed automated system aims to ensure that the management workflow goes well as it seeks to ensure fewer repetitions and reduced time in processing of information (Baugh, Sue, & Rober t, 1995). Objectives The proposed system exhibits the following objectives: 1. Ensuring that its patient data is handled with confidentiality and absolute consistency. 2. Improve the general coordination within the entire hospice team and offices through storage of information in a common database. 3. ... 6. The automated system aims in dealing with the security needs of the entire Kingswood, Inc. management. This would be achieved through equipping the computers with encrypted passwords, and having backup data in case of a fire. 7. Being able to search, sort and delete information quickly and in an organized way. Technology used Distributed System Technologies Distributed objects would be used in the context of communications between systems within the facility as well as exchanging data within the external branches. Use of XML tools would allow companies to try and give orders through customized web interfaces. Service Oriented Architectures would be used with the purpose of going paperless. Therefore, Kingswood, Inc. communication with other systems running on any possible stage would be enhanced. The LAN Network Topology The four facilities and central office establish the need for five LAN setup. Each of the facility will be have an internet Service provider to provide them with an internet connection, having each a centralized hub or router at each location for easier management of all systems. In order to support portability in notebook laptops, the hub will support IEEE 802.11g wireless standards. The D- Link Wireless Router fits this need with several ports, up to five, being $70. Using Wi-Fi router as a central access point for each area reduces the number of failure points to the internet connection. Social Media Social media employ web and mobile based forms of technology to support interactive dialogue. It takes many different forms including magazines, internet, social blogs, social networks, wikis, podcasts and many others. Mobile Social Media This media can be used on mobile devices. In comparison to the past traditional media,

Beyond Worlds Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Beyond Worlds Introduction - Essay Example in 2002. He has also translated books and poems as well as having written other story collections. Agueros has been the recipient of many awards for his writing including the most recent Asan World Prize for Poetry (Poets.org). Though Agueros was an American, his parents had migrated from Puerto Rico. His father, who had worked as a police officer in Puerto Rico, came to New York in 1920, only to be able to work in factories and restaurants. Eleven years later, Agueros’ mother came to be a seamstress in the garment district. As immigrants living in a poor part of New York, his family received an early form of what is now welfare. As a graduate of high school in 1953, Agueros spent four years in the Air Force. It was after his discharge that he received a Bachelor of Arts from Brooklyn College in English in 1964 where he won the first of many literary awards in playwriting and poetry. He went on to obtain a Master of Arts in Urban Studies in 1970 from Occidental College (Espada). In â€Å"Sonnet Substantially Like the Words of F Rodriguez One Position Ahead of Me on the Unemployment Line,† Agueros writes a poem about business. In this poem, there are several uses of symbolism, using music and yo-yos to talk about business and how the average person can be taken advantage of in it. He appears to evoke his own frustrations about how it is difficult to ever be heard by corporations and to get jobs (Agueros, 2003). In â€Å"Halfway to Dick and Jane: A Puerto Rican Pilgrimage,† Agueros discusses the triumphs and trials that an immigrant encounters when coming to America. He describes it in such a way that readers can feel that Puerto Ricans may feel as though they have lost a part of who they are when they come to America. However, in his comparison to storybook characters Dick and Jane, he seems to suggest that even those characters were created in a fictional society and established an identity so migrants

Elements of the Marketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Elements of the Marketing Mix Essay This case will study describe the elements of the marketing mix. These four elements include product, place, price and promotion. This paper will include a description of how an organization’s marketing strategy is affected by the four elements of the marketing mix. Another aspect that this paper will include is a description of how each element is implemented in the company. One more topic that this paper will describe is the organizations name and industry in which it exists. The marketing mix is defined as a mixture of several ideas and plans followed by a marketing representative to promote a particular product or brand. Several concepts and ideas are combined together to formulate final strategies helpful in making a brand popular amongst the masses to form the marketing mix (Marketing Mix Meaning and Its Elements, n.d.). The elements of the marketing mix are often called the four P’s of marketing (Perreault, Cannon, McCarthy, 2011). First, Product is defined as goods that are manufactured by organizations for the consumer. Products can be two types, tangible and intangible. A product in a market place is something which a seller sells to the buyers in exchange for money. Price is defined as the money which a buyer pays for a product. The price of a product is indirectly proportional to its availability in the market. If a product is not readily available then the price goes up (Marketing Mix Meaning and Its Elements, n.d.). Place refers to the location where the products are available and can be sold or purchased. Here one is exposed to a physical building, or store, or one can purchase items on the internet. Finally, the fourth element is promotion. Promotion refers to the various strategies and ideas implemented by the marketers to make the consumer aware of their product (Marketing Mix Meaning and Its Elements, n.d.). Today’s market is huge and there is an abundant variety of products available. Frito Lay is a multi-national  corporation that is predominantly in the salty snack business. Frito Lay aims its market strategy at both the mass market and target markets alike. This food driven company does have some strengths such as its renowned reliability, high quality control and markets its product as convenient fun foods. The products that Frito Lay generates have consumers in mind that particularly buy snack foods as a leisure item. Their packing and branding is targeting a consumer that wants to snack on the go or during lunch with a sandwich. With this in mind, the organizations marketing strategy uses all four of the marketing mix very well. Frito Lay sells a wide variety of chips form Ruffles to Lays, Cheetos to Doritos and Tostitos to Funyions. These products satisfy many customers’ needs for fun snacking. In the Product element, packaging is also very important when keeping the consumer satisfied. Bright colors are used to catch the eye when they design the bags that carry all of their brands. In the Place element, the product is highly visible in that one can purchase said items and every convenience store in the marketplace. Not only is the product in just about every UDS store but in vending machines and supermarkets. The channel of distribution is very important to deliver these products to the consumer and Frito Lay has an excellent distribution system in place. The third element, Promotion, targets new customers and retaining current customers. Many people have heard the phrase â€Å"no one can eat just one.† This catch phrase was designed for Lays potato chips and hasn’t been used in years, but just about everybody has heard that. That is advertising at its finest. The use of mass selling techniques has been advantageous to Frito Lay. The fourth â€Å"P† is Price and that obviously plays an important part in Frito’s model. Frito Lays strategy is to stay competitive with other salty snack manufacturers and their price points. Their target price is also directed at young adults and children. Each element in the marketing mix is used very well by Frito Lay. The products that this corporation sells to the consumer vary from salty snacks to cookies and even beef jerky. Frito Lay guarantees freshness for its product and delivers a price point that is competitive to just about any consumer. In the channels of distribution process it is important to get a food item to the retailer in a timely manner as the food item can spoil. The freshness guarantee that Frito Lay offers dictates that the salty snack has a shelf life of about a month for most products and the  products need to be removed from the shelves if they do not sell. Because of this model, the delivery system promotes efficiency when sold and distributed to each retailer. Promotions are huge with Frito Lay as they spend millions for point of sale coupons and retail discounts. Not only is there retail push for sales but Frito Lay spends millions on advertising. Advertising can be seen in standard commercials to big budget commercials during super bowl ads. These methods of communication are geared at mass selling and are very effective. Finally, the Price element is important to Frito Lay as the market price for materials goes up so does the price of their products. To circumvent these price hikes, Frito Lay will lower the content volume in the bag and not raise the price. In other instances, they will raise the price by ten cents and remove the price on the bag for a short period of time. The idea is to trick the consumer into believing the price is the same. In all the instances, Frito Lay has a business model that is very effective and has endured for many years. By understanding the similarities and differences between these elements one can understand how a corporation uses the marketing mix to their advantage. The four elements are critical to understand the very nature of the consumer and the retailer. This case study shows that it is important to understand the marketing mix business model as it pertains everyone and final user. References Marketing Mix Meaning and its Elements. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://managementstudyguide.com/marketing-mix.htm Perreault, W. D., Cannon, J. P., McCarthy, J. (2011). Basic Marketing. A Marketing Strategy Planning Approach. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collectioon database.

The Core Business of Allianz Insurance

The Core Business of Allianz Insurance Allianz is ranked among the top 100 most valuable brands worldwide and is a leading insurance and financial services company. Allianzs core business is Life and Health insurance and property casualty. Allianz is also one of the four active asset managers in the world. The total asset management operations as of 2009 were à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1,202 billion. The company s business activities in this segment consist of asset management products and services both for third-party investors and for the Allianz Groups insurance operations (Allianz Annual Report, 2009, p.48). Allianz banking operations now comprise of operations in Germany, Italy, France and New Europe. The bank offers a wide range of products for corporate and retail clients. Due to their limited size, banking operations are reported as part of the corporate and other segment. According to a press release on 24 February, 2011; Allianz announced preliminary results for the fiscal year 2010 of total revenues reaching a new high of 106.5 billion euros. Based on this release, Life and Health insurance generates the most revenue reaching a record level of 57.1 billion euros. Growth amounted to 12.5 percent compared to 50.8 billion euros in 2009, and was driven by strong demand for both investment-oriented and traditional life insurance products. Life and Health insurance also generates the most profit with operating profits growing 7.4 percent to 2.9 billion euros, compared to 2.7 billion euros in 2009. This was largely driven by a better expense result, as well as an increase in operating investment income which benefited from significantly lower impairments compared to 2009 (Press release preliminary results 2010, p.1). Life and Health insurance and property casualty will drive growth in the next decade as they have always counted for the main revenue of the Group. Allianz has been performing well and sustainable. Since 2007 it reached à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 97,689 million revenue and in 2008 the global economy was in crisis but the revenue was just went down slightly with à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 92,568 million. In 2009, the economic crisis reached its peak in the first half of 2009 however its revenue still increased up to 5.2% with à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 97,385 million. A newly announced figure for its 2010 revenue has been impressive, with total revenue reaching à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 106.5 billion. These figures have proven that the company has been doing well for the last four years and there is no doubt that the company will be successful in coming years (2009 Allianz Annual Report, p.48). Corporate Responsibility: Allianz responded to the increasing demands of society for greater Corporate Responsibility by adopting a new CSR strategy in 2009. This strategy assures that environmental and social issues are managed, deliver value for the company and that there is a continued benefit for society. The strategy focuses on three themes; managing the companys environmental impact, addressing the risks and opportunities associated with climate change and supporting the communities in which Allianz is operating (Corporate Social Responsibility 2009, p.3). As an international financial services provider, Allianz sees sustainable development as fundamental to its business. Allianz is focusing on finding innovative solutions that address local and global challenges. Allianz also established a strong structure for handling CSR activities. Delivery of the CSR strategy is the responsibility of the Human Resources Director, who is a member of the Allianz Insurance Management Board. CSR issues are included at the monthly Management Board meetings, as well as featuring at the companys annual Director and Management Conferences. The CSR Manager is responsible for setting the overall strategy, implementing initiatives and reporting performance to the HR Director and the Management Board. In addition, a CSR Steering Committee comprising of 11 senior managers from each of the major divisions has been established to ensure the CSR strategy is embedded in the business. The committee meets 2-3 times a year to review progress against the strategy and to identify future risks and opportunities. The Committee is chaired by the HR Director (Corporate Social Responsibility 2009, p.4). Climate Change Allianz sees itself and the insurance industry at the forefront of the fight against climate change. The industry must play a central role in both climate change mitigation and adaptation. Based on this initiative, Allianz has done a wide range of activities in response to Climate Change. Allianz Insurance is a founding member of ClimateWise which was founded by leading insurers in 2006 to respond to the myriad risks and opportunities of climate change, aiming to reduce the overall risks faced by economies and societies (Climatewise.org.uk). As a member of ClimateWise, Allianz must report annually on its performance against the principles and sub-principles. Allianz also supports national and global CO2 emission reduction targets and government action, including regulation that will enhance the resilience and reduce the environmental impact of infrastructure and communities. In 2002 Allianz joined the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), an independent organization now representing 534 institutional investors worldwide with more than US $64 trillion in funds. CDP collects, evaluates, and publishes data on the CO2 emissions from more than 3,000 companies around the world. RCM, a globally active investment company belonging to the Allianz Group, uses the CDP database to compile risk profile lesson companies climate performance (Corporate Social Responsibility 2009, p.9) Furthermore, Allianz remained committed to its carbon reduction plans even when the Copenhagen Summit ended having set no binding global emissions targets and no indication of when emissions should peak. Carbon management has a strong business case it is primarily about reducing energy consumption and costs. Stakeholders In order to understand stakeholders expectations, Allianz is working closely with a range of national and international organizations and doing surveys to discover which topics are most relevant to their stakeholder groups. Every two years Allianz asks its main societal stakeholders which key issues Allianz should deal with and how they should address them. For example, in the 2009 Stakeholder Survey, 131 completed questionnaires were received from stakeholders from the following sectors or groups: Politics, Media, Non-governmental organizations, Science, Companies and Allianz management (Allianz  Sustainable Development Report 2010, p.12). Regarding customers, Allianz is committed to making it easier for its customers to deal confidently with financial topics by maintaining a section on its Group web portal that explains how the financial and economic crisis develop and what its possible consequences for consumers are. Regarding Suppliers, Allianz carries out supplier surveys to learn more about their suppliers businesses and their efforts in the area of sustainable development. Regarding Community, Allianz takes todays challenges as opportunities for action through its local activities, global projects, and the work of Corporate Foundations. A good example is the Foundation for Sustainability and the Allianz Cultural Foundation. Regarding Government Relations, Allianz maintains various partnerships with renowned and trustworthy organizations such as World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) or the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEPFI) (Allianz  Sustainable Development Report 2010, p.12). Crisis Management Allianz and other financial institutions had to face the global financial and economic crisis which started in mid 2007 with the collapse of the housing market in the United States. The crisis that was initially observed within the banking sector accelerated in 2008 and spilled-over to various other sectors of the financial industry. Serious disruptions in the global financial system led to deteriorating economic conditions and investors became much more risk averse. In September 2008, the global financial system almost collapsed: large financial institutions faltered, leading to changes in business models, failures, mergers and nationalizations. Some economies were even on the verge of national bankruptcy. In consequence, the weak situation in the financial markets that was observable from falling stock markets and volatile credit spreads became even more intense in the fourth quarter of year 2008. The global economic downturn caused a series of collapses or near collapses of giant financial institutions such as Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Washington Mutual, Wachovia, AIG  and Citigroup. However, Allianz has managed successfully in its business operations, particularly its risk management as demonstrated by its impressed revenue: 97,989 billion euros in 2007, 92,567 billion euros in 2008, 97,385 billion euros in 2009 and 106.5 billion euros in 2010. Allianz  emerged from the market turbulence as one of the strongest insurance groups in the industry by solvency and ratings, as evidenced by external rating agencies. The financial strength of Allianz SE was rated by Standard Poors as AA (stable outlook), by A. M. Best as A+ (stable outlook), and by Moodys as Aa3 (stable outlook). As of December 31, 2009, Allianz SE had the best Standard Poors rating among the internationally active primary insurance groups in Europe. Even during the 2008 and 2009 financial crisis, these ratings were confirmed and remained stable (Annual report 2008, p. 41; Annual report 2009, p. 187). Allianz has executed and managed its risk management consistently and focused on three main objectives to secure itself from market turbulence: Protect the  Allianz  Groups capital and solvency position as well as position its investment portfolio for continued market turbulence Protect the value of their Property-Casualty business Focus on sustainable profitability in the Life/Health business Allianz considers risk management to be one of its core competencies. It is an integrated part of its business processes. Based on the risk management framework, these key elements have been focused on: Promotion of a strong risk management culture supported by a robust risk governance structure. Consistent application of an integrated risk capital framework across the Group to protect its capital base and to support effective capital management. Integrate the risk considerations and capital needs into management and decision-making processes through the attribution of risk and allocation of capital to the various segments. This comprehensive framework ensures that risks are properly identified, analyzed and evaluated. Allianz Groups risk appetite is defined by a clear risk strategy and limit structure. Close risk monitoring and reporting allows Allianz to detect deviations from risk tolerance at an early stage (Annual report 2009, p. 179). Strategy Allianz has been doing successfully for many years, even through years of financial market turmoil and global economic contraction by executing its strategy consistently. According to Allianzs announcement in the 2009Annual Report, the Group focuses its strategy in five management priorities: Become the partner of choice for all stakeholders: Allianz believes that the Group can only continue to thrive if Allianz manages to balance the interests of all of their key stakeholders: customers, employees, investors and the public. Drive profitable growth: In property-casualty Allianz will only grow where target margins can be achieved. In life/health insurance Allianz can build on a strong capital position, growing asset base and attractive new business margins. The strategy has served the Group well in asset management where Allianz is diversifying revenues and risks into different asset classes with an overweight in fixed income investments and regions. Strengthen competitiveness: Allianz has been continuing to adapt its business models, products and customer interactions accordingly. Hence Allianz has been focusing on efforts to drive efficiencies, reduce complexity and leverage new web-based technology along the entire value chain in order to achieve productivity benchmarks. Increase market and customer focus: The Group has created the foundations for Allianz to become a customer-centric organization through its customer focus and innovation programs. Going forward they are further strengthening their customer segmentation and the delivery of segment-specific offerings. Maintain capital management discipline: Allianz has strengthened risk management function and de-risked its investment portfolio to appropriately adjust to the rising uncertainty in the real economy (Annual Report 2009, p.63). Allianzs core strength is risk management which has helped the Group protect its net asset value and carefully balance cash generation and investment opportunities. In the 2009Annual Report they state that we are managing the transition to the new Solvency II framework. And we are leveraging this process to place state-of-the-art risk management technology into the hands of our business leaders for even better day-to-day decision making. Based on this, Allianz has performed successfully as the Group usually gets AA rating and the Group has successfully steered through one of the most severe financial crises ever. Allianzs solvency is strong and its capital base grew almost 20 % to more than à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 40 billion (Annual Report 2009, p. 179). Allianz is definitely an innovative company as it has a wide range of changes, improvements and strengthening in management, products and customers services. Regarding customer services, the Group always put innovation as its priority. The 2009 Annual Report remarks At all important points of contact, we are measuring the propensity of our customers and distribution partners to recommend our products and services to others. And we have been tying our frontline managers incentives to systematically improving the service experiences of our clients. Furthermore, we are creating a channel architecture which allows customers and distribution partners to experience more targeted value propositions, service offerings and price positions which are easy to understand and consistently delivered. (p.66). Werner Zedelius, Member of the Board of Management of Allianz SE, also confirmed that at Allianz, innovation is a part of an even bigger goal Allianz wants to become a trusted innovator engagem ent (Allianz Group Portal, press, n.d). Mission and Goals: Mission: At Allianz, we strive for exceptional financial performance and growth based on our commitment to the pursuit of a sustainable world through combining long-term economic value, environmental stewardship and social responsibility. Goals: Performance: Maintain sustainable development leadership in the financial services sector Sustainable Development Reporting: Active stakeholder engagement in our materiality assessment Climate Change: Global awareness on CO2  emission reduction concept for 80% of employees Environmental   Management  System: Accomplish an 80% employee coverage Sustainable Investment: Invest an additional à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬150 million in renewable energy projects Micro insurance: Creation of a global Allianz micro insurance strategy to be implemented by a task force Engagement with Society: Launch global employee engagement program Employees: Develop KPIs for employee engagement, trust, feedback, motivation, development and diversity from the strategic HR scorecard. Customer Responsibility: Further strive for our 2010 goal of Loyalty Leadership. Net Promoter Score above market average. How does Allianz motivate employees: Allianz believes that employees are motivated if their work is well recognized and well paid. Therefore the Group created a pay structure that includes a mix of basic pay, performance-related pay and additional benefits to motivate it employees, Incentivizing staff is an important way of encouraging entrepreneurship. We have now adopted evaluation procedures that help assess more clearly how an individual or team has performed, and reward that performance accordingly (Allianz Group Portal, Employee, n.d). Allianz also motivates its employees with the Employee Stock Purchase Plan as approximately 939,000 shares were bought through the scheme. This has not only proved a sound financial strategy but it has also allowed the Group to strengthen employee engagement (Allianz Group Portal, Employee, n.d). In addition, The Group creates a good working environment where employees can maximize their ideas through innovative programs, healthcare program, tale nt development etc. Desirability as an employer Allianz is a good company to work for. Firstly, good performance will receive high payment and the incentives and bonuses of the company are attractive. Secondly, Allianz has a good working environment as a result of their policy to put employees first. Many Allianz companies offer wellness and sickness prevention training and health testing on a voluntary basis; as well as health programs for members of staff and customers. Allianz has a diversified working environment and promotes a diversity theme called Power of All Worlds. This aims to promote diversity and inclusion to reach their business goals, and continues to support Gender, Disability, Generation Mix and international cultures. Thirdly, Allianz is an innovative working place which allows employees to develop and maximise all new ideas. This culture of innovation was turned into reality by the Ideas to Success (i2s) framework launched in April 2006, and has been rolled out to 58 Allianz companies worldwide. It has actively encouraged over 172,000 employees to develop ideas which could improve the way in which Allianz operates on a day to day basis. And so far more than 60,000 ideas have been generated (Allianz Group Portal, Employee, n.d).

Essay --

Yossarian is faking his illnesses to avoid the war. While he’s in the hospital he is required to censor letters and he will joke and censor just about anything he reads and signs off as â€Å"Washington Irving†. A Texan comes and eventually annoys everyone back into active duty. Yossarian notices that he is the only one who is concerned with the war and claims that everyone is trying to kill him. Everyone else denies that there is a war going on. He later finds out that his Colonel has raised the number of required missions from 45 to 50 when Yossarian was at 44. Orr talks to Yossarian about how he used to walk around with crab apples in his mouth. A general named Peckem hopes to take over command of Yossarian’s unit because the current general is failing at bringing enthusiasm to his subordinates. Yossarian feels sick but Daneeka instead sends him back and recommends acting like Havermeyer, who is a soldier that makes the most of every situation Yossarian talks with Daneeka whose problems are that the war is interrupting his medical practice. Yossarian interrupted educational meetings resulting in a rule that only people who don’t ask questions could ask questions. Private first class Wintergreen caused frustration among his superiors by giving a message out that only said â€Å"T.S. Eliot†. Yossarian listens to Doc Daneeka’s story about newlyweds who visited his office. Yossarian again attempts to get grounded by claiming he was crazy, which of course proved that he wasn’t. Hungry Joe has flown all of his missions and he is still not allowed to go home because the number of missions keeps rising. Orr attacks Appleby in a game of Ping-pong. Yossarians pilot, McWatt is described in this chapter as the â€Å"craziest combat man† because o... ... go through with the plan. Orr and Yossarian realize Milos amount of control as he is the mayor and even god in some countries. Nately Yossarian and Hungry Joe arrive in rome where they meet up with Nately’s prostitute. Nately argues with an old man about how America and Italy were doing in the war. Milo’s company has grown world wide but has a problem selling massive amounts of Egyptian cotton. He was surprised when Yossarian brings the idea of selling it to the government. The chaplain is miserable because no one will treat him as a regular person. He tries to help by seeing major major about the missions but he wont allow anyone in. After Colonel Cathcart periodically throws him out, he begins questioning everything even god. Nately falls in love with his whore while she is annoyed with him. Yossarian and Dunbar change identities but are caught by the Nurses

Remember the Titans Film Essay

In the film remember The Titans directed by Boaz Yakin, an important character in the film is Coach  Herman Boone. He uses his determination and skill to make the titans successful. This is shown  through the use of visual and verbal features such as camera angles, costume, use of dialogue and  music. Boone’s acceptance and tolerance teaches the team to learn to work together to achieve their goals and success. Herman Boone is an important character as he had to accept coach Yoast. They learned to tolerate each other. At the beginning of the film they didn’t get along but in order to make the team a success Boone learned to. This is because when Boone arrives in Alexandria to take over from the old Coach, Bill Yoast neither of them were welcoming or friendly towards each other once. Once they got over each other’s differences, they began to develop a good football team to win the state championships. Herman Boone is a respected character in the film. He had to accept the new team and the old coach, Yoast which was now the assistant coach. Both coaches had to learn to work together. They finally accepted each other and the titans went on to win the state championships. Yoast started to accept Boone when he heard Boone talk about the fight at Gettysburg where black and whites had been fighting against each other. Through dialogue, Boone revealed to the players â€Å"If we don’t come together at this point â€Å" about how the futility of battle, how it had torn families apart, dividing friends, creating rifts. Yoast then realized why Boone was so harsh on the team. He realized that Boone wanted to overcome the continual racism. This was shown by the use of camera angles extreme close up and close up to show the emotion from Boones speech. It showed how he was tormented by the continual fighting, sad that the players were continuing the same fight years ago. Yoast realized that Boone was only trying to bring the individual players  together as one team, even if they had to tolerate each other. It was through the use of camera angles that Yakin showed the sadness Boone was feeling, realizing that prejudice was stopping the players from coming together as one team. Herman Boone had to learn to tolerate Bill Yoast and his football coaching ways just Yoast also had to tolerate Boone so they could make a successful team. At the training camp they both saw how each others coaching was benefitting the team. They all were starting to work together as a great successful team because of learning to work together .This was shown at their first game where they won, continuing throughout the season as they did not lose one game the whole season. This was through Boone’s determination to make the team successful. This was reinforced by use of upbeat music to show Boone’s and his team successes. Wide angle shots were used to show the whole team getting along and succeeding. I learnt from Boone’s tolerance that individuals and groups can succeed together no matter what race they are if they all make minor sacrifices. In the film Remember The Titans one of the main characters Herman Boone is determined for the titans to succeed. He is tough on them by, he does this by accepting his fellow coaches and the members of his team. And how he realizes he has to makes sacrifices in order for the team to come out on top. These messages and values are shown by camera angles such as close up extreme close up and music.

Role of Women in Forest Management

————————————————- Cudia, Jane Victoria A. February 23, 2011 2007-15891Soc Sci 180 Role of Women in Forest Management Increasingly, the role of indigenous peoples in forest management and conservation had been recognized on the international level. Even if forest management and conservation had been an indigenous practice since time immemorial, recognition of indigenous peoples roles started only three or four decades ago. However, indigenous peoples as protectors of the environment are taken as a whole disregarding the contribution of roles and differences as contributing factors to the continuous practice of forest management and conservation. In terms of IP roles in forest management and conservation, gender is a very important thing to consider. Given an indigenous social and political context, the management of forests is communal. In general, forest management is primarily the domain of men. Women’s participation on the other hand primarily lies in forest protection because there is an intimate relationship between IP women and the forest (Caguioa, 2011). However, problem lies in the lack of recognition in national policies as to the roles of IP women in forest management and conservation. The pine forest of Brgy. Agawa, Besao, Mt. Province is a communal forest shared by different communities managed mostly by indigenous peoples. For the people of Brgy. Agawa, the forest or langdas is the source of livelihood and a place where their unique culture thrive, one of the major features of indigenous peoples. In terms of livelihood, the langdas is the source of wild fruits and animals, lumber, and firewood. In the indigenous law they practice, selling of pine lumber is prohibited. Also, outsiders are prohibited from getting anything from the langdas making the practice sustainable. In terms of tradition and culture, they believe that there are spirits guarding the rivers and forests. This is one of the reasons why indigenous peoples do not exploit the forest resources. Also, they manage the forest in a sustainable way because of the belief that their ancestors, who were buried in sacred places, mingle with their affairs. The role of women in environment protection, forest management, and conservation is very significant. Two of the key informants of the study conducted by Caguioa (2011) and her colleagues are old women who spent most of their life living in the area. The people of Brgy. Agawa, has a history of resistance in protecting the langdas and the environment. One sign of protest they had done before was the exposure of older women’s breast to oppose people who wanted to operate saw mills in the area back in the 1940s. In response to the secret resin tapping activities done to pine trees that operated during the 1970s, women of Besao secretly removed the plastic catchers and burned all of it. In general, women of Agawa, Besao, Mt. Province show their protest in the regional and national level in opposition of road construction, mining, and logging projects that will ruin the langdas. Amidst globalization, vulgar consumerism, high demands from the market, and laws that treat us all equals [sometimes even without regard to culture], the people of Brgy. Agawa, Besao, Mt. Province especially women managed the forest in a sustainable way. Following their traditions and belief systems, they had managed to conserve the forest by following natural mechanisms to restore the forest. Given the resources and knowledge systems we have as members of the dominant and so called â€Å"developed† society, we should devise forest management and conservation mechanisms that are easy and applicable. However, due to a market-driven economy we engage in, we have no control over our resources anymore. The working mechanism that works today is â€Å"what the market demands, the market gets† even at the expense of the environment and the people who manages to protect and conserve the forest. Forest management, although primarily dominated by men, it should be the domain of all even if there are differences in gender. As seen in the case of Brgy. Agawa, Mt. Province, women had great contributions in forest management and conservation. It all goes down to this: in effective forest management and conservation, gender roles and differences have a lot to offer. Reference: Caguioa, M. C. (2011). Panagsalaknib ti Langdas: Role of Indigenous Women in Forest Management in Brgy. Agawa, Besao, Mt. Province from the Global Lecture Series on Indigenous Peoples’ Studies (University of the Philippines Baguio).

Economics and Lead Time

CASE ANALYSIS FOLDRITE FURNITURE CO. : PLANNING TO MEET A SURGE IN DEMAND Submitted to: Submitted by: Dr. P. K. Dash Abhinav  Anand Operations Management PGDM-BHU010 Case facts about FoldeRite Furniture:- * Established in 1987 * Throughout 1990s company grew organically. * 1999-2006 annual growth rate 3. 5%. (More than market growth rate) but one competitor grew by 6% annually. * In 2006 company’s performance was very bad due to following concluded reasons- * Loss of productivity and yields caused by high labor turnover. Cost of raw materials was increasing * Increasing proportion of unskilled labor. * Continuous acquisition of small firms which distracted management from their main issues. * This thing also generated liquidity shortage * These things resulted in reduced margins as well as increased lead time from 4 to 6-8 weeks. Major policies that company adopted after change in management:- * New CEO marshal Epstein from a major consumer goods company was appointed. * Man ufacturing VP Jose Ramose was hired. Together they decided 4 major goals:- * Continued innovation in both products and processes, * Customer responsiveness: producing high quality products that fulfilled market needs, and providing quick service, * Lean manufacturing, and * Retention of a well-trained, stable, and productive workforce, with reduced turnover. * Reduced no of products to provide high quality products. Consequences:- * All these helped in reduction of lead time. * They had a $60M revenues and profitable despite recession Ques-(01) what are the Manufacturing Options available with Mr. Martin Kelsey? Ans. The objective of the aggregate plan was to demonstrate cost-effective ways to meet the demand while maintaining productivity, quality, reliability and providing on-time delivery at effective yields. The following are the manufacturing options with Mr. Martin Kelsey: 1. The first option available was to ask the staff to work an extra shift. 2. Increase the staff temporarily to take advantage of idle production capacity. 3. Changing the designs of the cloud chair slightly to require one minute less in assembly 4. To increase the amount of inventory using a constant level of production. 5. The last option available with Kelsey was subcontracting part of work, such as the manufacture of seats for stackable chairs. Q2. What are the financial implications of the three options? How does it impacts the lead time? Wages of the Skilled workers is = 19 + 33% of 19 = 25. 27 Wages of the Unskilled workers is = 9 + 10% of 9=9. 9 Change Strategy In alstrong, the hiring cost would be zero for skilled and $2593. 5 for unskilled labors. The layoff cost would be $327288 for skilled $349752 for unskilled labours In case of cloud chairs, the hiring cost would be zero for skilled and $633. 6 for unskilled labours. The layoff cost would be $264342 for skilled $533520 for unskilled labours In case of green comfort, the hiring cost would be zero for skilled and $1662. 5 for unskilled labours. The layoff cost would be $214058 for skilled $231270 for unskilled labors Subcontracting Strategy In case of cloud chairs, units subcontracted cost would be $720355. 32. In case of alstrong, units subcontracted cost would be $46959. 28. In case of green comfort, units subcontracted cost would be zero. The lead time will reduce in all the 3 cases. Ques (03) what are the risks? How does each of the options accommodate changes in economy and environment? Ans. The risk associate with it are: Financial Risk:- * According to their CFO Yung credit situation is tight. * They have to generate cash from costly resources as expensive as 12% p. . Human resources Risk:- * Hiring a skilled worker would cost $1500 * Supervisor cost for these workers $25 per hour + 33% for benefits * Training of unskilled worker takes 4 weeks during which full wages are paid. Changes in economy and environment are as follows: 1. If staff would be doing overtime than it would increase the productivity in short run but at the same time this would have lead to fatigue and boredom among the staff leading to decrease in efficiency. 2. Hiring staff temporarily would automatically increase the cost of training and would also require management and supervision resources. 3. If the demand did not materialize than laying of the workers would demoralize the remaining workforce and cost the company in adding unemployment. 4. Another major concern was the cost of carrying inventory beyond two weeks. Ques-(4) Weighing options in term of non-financial implications Ans. The non-financial implications are: 1. Overtime work done by Employees: This will affect the profitability in short term in a positive manner but in long term as the workers do have chance of getting fatigue it might lead to decrease in quality of product which in turn decrease the profitability. The overtime formula will not affect the relationship among employees but the competitiveness will affect if the efficiency decreases in long run. 2. Increasing the staff This will lead to increase in profitability in short term as well as in long term if company does not lay off workers. The sales will increase if the efficiency of work increases as a result of increase in workers. . Changing the Design In short term there will be a decrease in profitability as the company would have to pay a onetime charge of $15000 but in long term as because of innovation the profitability will increase. Dut to innovation the company will have a competitive and also the sales will increase as it’s a new designed product. 4. Sub contracting The company will focus in th e core area which will lead to profitability in short term and long term both. This will further lead to increase in sales as a result of efficient production. The employee morale will also be boosted because of increase in sales.